Good Fish Guide
Brown crab
(Cancer pagurus)
Also known as: Chancre crab, Edible crab
Overview
The brown crab is commonly found in the North Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, less so in the Mediterranean. It is the heaviest British crab and easily identified by a characteristic pie-crust edge to the carapace or shell. They are found in waters down to 100 m. Brown crabs are highly fecund. Mating activity peaks in the summer when the female has moulted with spawning occurring in the late autumn or winter. Egg carrying females are largely inactive over the winter brooding period before the eggs hatch in the spring and summer. Between 250,00 to 3,000,000 eggs are held by the female for 8 months until they hatch into planktonic larvae. After around five weeks in the plankton, the crab larvae settle on the seabed. Juvenile crabs settle in the intertidal zone and remain in these habitats for 3 years, until they reach 6-7 cm carapace width, at which time they migrate to subtidal habitats. The crab is encased in a hard, rigid shell, which, like other crustaceans, has to be shed at intervals to permit growth. Moulting takes place at frequent intervals during the first years of a crab's life, but only every two years after it is grown and this is mirrored by a slowing of growth rate. Growth is dependent on the frequency of moulting as well as the increase in size on each moulting occasion and it typically takes about four or five years for a juvenile crab to grow to commercial size. They can grow up to about 25 cm carapace width, with the larger specimens inhabiting deeper water. Growth rate varies between areas, and animals will typically reach a minimum landing size of 140mm carapace width at 4 to 6 years old. Environmental variables e.g. sea temperature related to geographical area and fishing pressure affect the size of maturity with animals in more northerly latitudes growing and maturing more slowly. Minimum landing sizes vary around the British coast from 150mm in the Western Channel to 115 mm in Norfolk for example. Edible crabs can live for up to 100 years but average age is around 25 to 30 years, and sexual maturity is reached after approximately 10 years, but can be as early as 3 to 4 years. Female brown crabs in Scottish waters typically mature between 130 and 150 mm CW. In Orkney research has shown that sexual maturity can be reached at 115 to 120 mm. The sex of a brown crab can be determined by the shape of the abdomen; the males being narrow and the females being broad and rounded for carrying eggs. Stock boundaries for edible crab remain poorly understood and both sexes move quite widely at times; females in particular have been shown to travel large distances in relation to spawning activity.
Ratings
Showing 30 results for Brown crab
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OK - Needs Improvement
Avoid
Under review
England (Celtic Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Celtic Sea and fishing is happening above FMSY. Some national managament measures are in place, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Western English Channel and fishing is happening just above FMSY. Some national managament measures are in place, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Eastern English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
In the Eastern English Channel, the stock is data limited. There is concern for both biomass and fishing pressure. Some national management measures are in place, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Southern IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
In the Western English Channel, there is concern for the stock level of brown crab and fishing pressure is just above the target. In the Southern IFCA District, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is a minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) of 140mm carapace width in this area, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or mandatory pot limits in place. Pot fishing is considered sustainable as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Celtic Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Devon and Severn IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Celtic Sea and fishing is happening above FMSY. In the Devon & Severn IFCA district, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is an MCRS of 140mm for females and 160mm for males, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Around 40% of Devon and Severn IFCA is in an MPA. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Devon and Severn IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Western English Channel and fishing is around FMSY. In the Devon & Severn IFCA district, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is an MCRS of 140mm for females and 160mm for males, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Around 40% of Devon and Severn IFCA is in an MPA. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Central North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Northumberland IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level and concern for the fishing level of brown crab in the Central North Sea. In the Northumberland IFCA district, there are some management measures in place for this fishery, including an MCRS of 130mm and a pot limit of 800 pots per permit. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Southern North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: North Eastern IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level in the Southern North Sea and fishing is happening outside safe limits. In the North East IFCA district, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is a MCRS of 140mm carapace width in place, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Eastern English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Kent and Essex IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
In the Eastern English Channel, the stock is data limited. There is concern for both biomass and fishing pressure. In the Kent & Essex IFCA district there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is a MCRS of 130mm carapace width in place, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
Wales (Celtic Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Welsh waters
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Celtic Sea and fishing is happening above FMSY. Some national managament measures are in place in Wales, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Isles of Scilly IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in the Western English Channel and fishing is around FMSY. In the Isles of Scilly IFCA district, management measures are not effective in managing the stock. There is an MCRS of 140mm for females and 160mm for males, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Central North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: North Eastern IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level and concern for the fishing level of brown crab in the Central North Sea. In the North East IFCA district, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is a MCRS of 140mm carapace width in place, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
Wales (Irish Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Welsh waters
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in Wales in the Irish Sea, and no concern for fishing pressure. Some national managament measures are in place in Wales, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Southern North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Kent and Essex IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level in the Southern North Sea and fishing is happening outside safe limits. In the Kent & Essex IFCA district, there are management measures in place but these are not effective in managing the stock. There is a MCRS of 130mm carapace width in place, but no total allowable catch (TAC) or pot limits in place. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Eastern English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Sussex IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
In the Eastern English Channel, the stock is data limited. There is concern for both biomass and fishing pressure. In the Sussex IFCA district, management measures are in place but are not fully effective in managing the stock. There is a pot limit in place of 300 pots per vessel within the 3 nautical mile limit, and a total maximum of 600 pots within the 6 nautical mile limit. There is also a minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) of 140mm carapace width. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Irish Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: North Western IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in England in the Irish Sea, and no concern for fishing pressure. Some national managament measures are in place in England, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Southern North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Eastern IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
This rating is currently under review.
Scotland (East) - Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
This stock is data limited. There is concern for the biomass due to a decline in the abundance index, and concern for fishing pressure as F is above FMSY in all areas where data is available (for either males, females, or both). There is a minimum size in place for this fishery however, there is no limit on creel numbers, no spatial controls and no total allowable catch in place. Management would benefit from effort controls that are responsive to the state of the stock. Potting, or creeling, for brown crab has minimal impact.Rating last updated June 2023.
Isle of Man - Wild-caught
Location: Isle of Man (0-12nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for biomass, and no concern for fishing pressure of brown crab in the Isle of Man. Management of the stock is partially effective and effort limits are in place, including a vessel pot limit. However, measures are not responsive to stock status and therefore do not adequately control the fishery to prevent overexploitation. Crab pots have low seabed impacts when deployed and retrieved correctly. They are also selective towards larger individuals, and can mitigate bycatch through escape panels.Rating last updated October 2025.
Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Method: Pot, trap or creel
Certification: Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
More infoScotland (Shetland) - Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
Certification: Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
This stock is data limited. There is no concern for the biomass and no concern for fishing pressure. This fishery has been MSC certified since 2012. It is well managed with a pot limit and effective harvest control rules in place. Potting, or creeling, for brown crab, has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2023.
England (Irish Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level of brown crab in England in the Irish Sea, and no concern for fishing pressure. Some national managament measures are in place in England, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Cornwall IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
For more information about this rating please visit: http://www.cornwallgoodseafoodguide.org.uk/fish-guide/crab-brown-edible.php
England (Western English Channel) - Wild-caught
Location: Cornwall IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Net (gill or fixed)
For more information about this rating please visit: http://www.cornwallgoodseafoodguide.org.uk/fish-guide/crab-brown-edible.php
Scotland (West) - Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
This stock is data limited. There is concern for the biomass due to a decline in the abundance index, and concern for fishing pressure as F is above FMSY in all areas where data is available (for either males, females, or both). There is a minimum size in place for this fishery however, there is no limit on creel numbers, no spatial controls and no total allowable catch in place. Management would benefit from effort controls that are responsive to the state of the stock. Entanglement rates in creel fisheries on the west coast are possibly contributing to the decline or preventing the recovery of minke whales.Rating last updated June 2023.
England (Southern North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level in the Southern North Sea and fishing is happening outside safe limits. Some national management measures are in place, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
England (Central North Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Offshore (beyond 6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for the stock level and concern for the fishing level of brown crab in the Central North Sea. Some national managament measures are in place, however, they are not effective in managing the stock and effort controls are needed. Pot fishing is generally considered very low impact as it is selective for larger individuals and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2024.
Scotland (Orkney) - Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
This stock is data limited. There is concern for the biomass due to a lack of biomass data, and concern for fishing pressure due to F being above FMSY for males and at FMSY for females. There is a minimum size in place for this fishery however, there is no limit on creel numbers, no spatial controls and no total allowable catch in place. Management would benefit from effort controls that are responsive to the state of the stock. Potting, or creeling, for brown crab has minimal impact on the surrounding environment.Rating last updated June 2023.
Northern Ireland - Wild-caught
Location: All areas
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
There is concern for both biomass and fishing pressure of brown crab in Northern Ireland. Management of brown crab in Northern Ireland requires considerable improvement, with currently no effort limits in place. Crab pots have low seabed impacts when deployed and retrieved correctly. They are also selective towards larger individuals, and can mitigate bycatch through escape panels.Rating last updated October 2025.
England (Celtic Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Cornwall IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Net (gill or fixed)
For more information about this rating please visit: http://www.cornwallgoodseafoodguide.org.uk/fish-guide/crab-brown-edible.php
England (Celtic Sea) - Wild-caught
Location: Cornwall IFCA District (0-6nm)
Capture methods: Pot, trap or creel
For more information about this rating please visit: http://www.cornwallgoodseafoodguide.org.uk/fish-guide/crab-brown-edible.php
Sustainable swaps
Chancre crab
Edible crab
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