Horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
What to check for
Location
Norwegian Sea, North Sea (North), Celtic Seas, Cantabrian Sea, English Channel (South), Bay of Biscay. Western stock.: All areas
Technical location
27 - Atlantic, Northeast, 8: Bay of Biscay, 7f: Bristol Channel, 7g: Celtic Sea (North), 7h: Celtic Sea (South), 7e: English Channel (West), 5b: Faroes Grounds, 7a: Irish Sea, 4a: North Sea (North), 2a: Norwegian Sea, 7c: Porcupine Bank, 7j: Southwest of Ireland (East), 7k: Southwest of Ireland (West), 7b: West of Ireland, 6a: West of Scotland
Caught by
Net (purse seine or ring)
Rating summary
The Western horse mackerel population is critically depleted and is a Fish to Avoid.Rating last updated November 2023.
How we worked out this Rating
Stock status
The size and health of a fish population, or 'stock', that is being targeted by fishermen is a crucial indicator of whether a fishery is sustainable. If the stock is too small to withstand fishing, it is at risk of crashing. We look at how big the stock is, and how much pressure there is from fishing, to assess this. The target level that many fisheries aim for is 'Maximum Sustainable Yield' - the most fish that can be caught year after year whilst keeping the population at a healthy size.
Critical fail: The horse mackerel population (or stock) in this region is depleted to such low levels that recruitment may be impaired, and without a recovery plan in place. Zero catch is advised but advice is not being followed.The 2023 stock assessment shows the western horse mackerel population (or stock) to be at depleted levels', lower than the biomass limit (Blim) whereby recruitment may be impaired. The populations spawning stock biomass (707,811 tonnes, in 2023) has been below Blim (834,480 tonnes) for the last decade.Fishing pressures have reduced, 0.075 in 2022, in recent years but remains just above FMSY of 0.074 (the maximum rate of fishing mortality, i.e. the proportion of a fish stock caught and removed by fishing, that can sustain a healthy population level). ICES advises that when the MSY approach and precautionary considerations are applied, there should be zero catch in 2024. The spawning stock is forecast to remain below Blim in 2025 even under a scenario of zero catch in 2024.Horse mackerel in the Northeast Atlantic is separated into three stocks: North Sea, Southern, and Western.
References
Abaunza, P., Gordo, L., Karlou-Riga, C. et al., (2003). Growth and reproduction of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (carangidae). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 13, pp.27–61. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/34725233.pdf [Accessed 06.11.2023]
Beltran, J., Brunel, T., Campbell, A. et al., (2021). Workshop for the Review of the Assessment of a New Rebuilding Plan for Western Horse Mackerel (WKWHMRP). International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). ICES Scientific Report Vol. 3 No. 37 https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.8023
Froese, R. and D. Pauly (editors) (2023). FishBase: Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Available at https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Trachurus-trachurus.html [Accessed 06.11.2023]
ICES. (2021a). EU request to ICES on the assessment of a new rebuilding plan for western horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in ICES Subarea 8 and divisions 2.a, 4.a, 5.b, 6.a, 7.a–c, and 7.e–k. In Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2021. ICES Advice 2021, sr.2021.04. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.advice.8039
ICES. (2021b). Stock Annex: Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Subarea 8 and divisions 2.a, 4.a, 5.b, 6.a, 7.a-c,e-k (the Northeast Atlantic). ICES Stock Annexes. Report. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.18622697.v1
ICES. (2023a). Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in Subarea 8 and divisions 2.a, 4.a, 5.b, 6.a, 7.a–c, and 7.e–k (the Northeast Atlantic). In Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2022. ICES Advice 2023, hom.27.2a4a5b6a7a-ce-k8, https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.advice.21856521
ICES. (2023b). Working Group on Widely Distributed Stocks (WGWIDE). ICES Scientific Reports. 5:82. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.24025482
MCS (2023). MPA Reality Check. Available at https://mpa-reality-check.org/ [Accessed 07.11.2023]
MMO (2018). Statutory guidance: Minimum Conservation Reference Size (MCRS) in UK waters. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/minimum-conservation-reference-sizes-mcrs/minimum-conservation-reference-sizes-mcrs-in-uk-waters [Accessed 06.11.2023]
Seafish (2023). PS - Purse Seine. Available at: https://www.seafish.org/responsible-sourcing/fishing-gear-database/gear/ps-purse-seine/ [Accessed on 13.11.23]
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